Research involving human participants or animals

Statement of Human Rights When reporting studies that involve human participants, authors should include a statement that the studies have been approved by the appropriate institutional and/or national research ethics committee and have been performed in accordance with the ethical standards as laid down in the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. If doubt exists whether the research was conducted in accordance with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration or comparable standards, the authors must explain the reasons for their approach, and demonstrate that the independent ethics committee or institutional review board explicitly approved the doubtful aspects of the study. 
The welfare of animals used for research must be respected. When reporting experiments on animals, authors should indicate whether the international, national, and/or institutional guidelines for the care and use of animals have been followed, and that the studies have been approved by a research ethics committee at the institution or practice at which the studies were conducted (where such a committee exists). The articles must have the following statements:

Ethical approval: All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the institutional and/or national research committee’s ethical standards and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.
For retrospective studies formal consent is not required.
For studies with animals, the following statement should be included:
Ethical approval: All applicable international, national, and/or institutional guidelines for the care and use of animals were followed.

In the event that the publisher or editors become aware of any allegation of misconduct in connection with a published article in the journal, Sanamed, the COPE guidelines for handling the allegation will be followed.